Rank |
City |
Price To Income Ratio |
Gross Rental Yield City Centre |
Gross Rental Yield Outside of Centre |
Price To Rent Ratio City Centre |
Price To Rent Ratio Outside Of City Centre |
Mortgage As A Percentage Of Income |
Affordability Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moscow, Russia | 22.2 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 29.5 | 26.2 | 234.6 | 0.4 | |
| Cascais, Portugal | 22.1 | 4.1 | 5.5 | 24.2 | 18.3 | 134.4 | 0.7 | |
| Belgrade, Serbia | 21.4 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 31.3 | 29.2 | 155.5 | 0.6 | |
| Split, Croatia | 20.2 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 36.8 | 37.4 | 147.8 | 0.7 | |
| Paris, France | 19.1 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 42.0 | 45.1 | 108.5 | 0.9 | |
| Minsk, Belarus | 18.9 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 23.1 | 21.0 | 338.2 | 0.3 | |
| Saint Petersburg, Russia | 17.9 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 23.5 | 24.6 | 188.0 | 0.5 | |
| Kazan, Russia | 17.8 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 21.7 | 23.2 | 188.5 | 0.5 | |
| Lisbon, Portugal | 17.8 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 24.4 | 20.4 | 108.9 | 0.9 | |
| Prague, Czech Republic | 17.6 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 39.2 | 36.4 | 111.5 | 0.9 | |
| Rome, Italy | 17.1 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 28.8 | 22.1 | 102.7 | 1.0 | |
| Milan, Italy | 16.4 | 3.6 | 5.1 | 27.6 | 19.4 | 96.3 | 1.0 | |
| Munich, Germany | 16.2 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 41.9 | 39.5 | 93.4 | 1.1 | |
| Tirana, Albania | 15.7 | 4.0 | 5.7 | 25.0 | 17.6 | 119.4 | 0.8 | |
| Novi Sad, Serbia | 15.2 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 30.1 | 31.3 | 106.7 | 0.9 | |
| Krasnodar, Russia | 15.1 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 24.4 | 25.9 | 167.8 | 0.6 | |
| Brno, Czech Republic | 14.8 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 33.3 | 30.5 | 95.3 | 1.0 | |
| Innsbruck, Austria | 14.8 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 37.6 | 35.0 | 89.4 | 1.1 | |
| Warsaw, Poland | 14.8 | 2.9 | 3.8 | 34.1 | 26.5 | 108.4 | 0.9 | |
| Budapest, Hungary | 14.6 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 32.3 | 28.4 | 112.3 | 0.9 | |
| Bratislava, Slovakia | 14.6 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 29.3 | 27.8 | 82.1 | 1.2 | |
| London, United Kingdom | 14.5 | 3.2 | 4.6 | 30.9 | 21.7 | 92.6 | 1.1 | |
| Bolzano-Bozen, Italy | 14.4 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 31.3 | 27.3 | 83.5 | 1.2 | |
| Podgorica, Montenegro | 14.2 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 23.4 | 22.3 | 129.4 | 0.8 | |
| Vienna, Austria | 14.0 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 36.4 | 31.5 | 85.8 | 1.2 | |
| Salzburg, Austria | 14.0 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 38.1 | 33.1 | 83.7 | 1.2 | |
| Nizhny Novgorod, Russia | 13.8 | 5.0 | 4.1 | 20.2 | 24.3 | 147.3 | 0.7 | |
| Florence, Italy | 13.6 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 28.0 | 23.2 | 80.8 | 1.2 | |
| Luxembourg, Luxembourg | 13.5 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 33.3 | 29.8 | 79.3 | 1.3 | |
| Nice, France | 13.4 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 30.4 | 28.6 | 75.2 | 1.3 | |
| Zagreb, Croatia | 13.3 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 30.2 | 27.9 | 90.4 | 1.1 | |
| Banja Luka, Bosnia And Herzegovina | 13.3 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 28.9 | 31.1 | 102.2 | 1.0 | |
| Ljubljana, Slovenia | 13.3 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 28.0 | 27.6 | 83.0 | 1.2 | |
| Porto, Portugal | 13.3 | 4.9 | 6.2 | 20.3 | 16.1 | 83.2 | 1.2 | |
| Helsinki, Finland | 13.1 | 2.6 | 3.7 | 38.1 | 27.3 | 73.8 | 1.4 | |
| Gdynia, Poland | 13.1 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 27.3 | 22.5 | 90.2 | 1.1 | |
| Skopje, North Macedonia | 12.9 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 24.8 | 26.9 | 101.6 | 1.0 | |
| Stockholm, Sweden | 12.8 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 35.6 | 29.8 | 78.0 | 1.3 | |
| Gdansk, Poland | 12.7 | 3.4 | 4.4 | 29.8 | 22.7 | 93.3 | 1.1 | |
| Novosibirsk, Russia | 12.3 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 20.6 | 20.7 | 133.5 | 0.7 | |
| Cluj-Napoca, Romania | 12.3 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 24.6 | 25.4 | 100.9 | 1.0 | |
| Sliema, Malta | 12.3 | 4.7 | 5.4 | 21.3 | 18.5 | 87.5 | 1.1 | |
| Krakow (Cracow), Poland | 12.3 | 3.4 | 4.1 | 29.4 | 24.2 | 88.1 | 1.1 | |
| Kosice, Slovakia | 12.2 | 3.8 | 5.2 | 26.4 | 19.2 | 69.4 | 1.4 | |
| Odessa (Odesa), Ukraine | 12.2 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 16.6 | 15.6 | 229.8 | 0.4 | |
| Vilnius, Lithuania | 12.2 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 26.7 | 25.5 | 76.4 | 1.3 | |
| Wroclaw, Poland | 11.9 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 24.4 | 22.1 | 84.3 | 1.2 | |
| Athens, Greece | 11.8 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 19.7 | 21.5 | 86.7 | 1.2 | |
| Brighton, United Kingdom | 11.8 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 23.4 | 22.1 | 74.4 | 1.3 | |
| Sarajevo, Bosnia And Herzegovina | 11.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 27.0 | 27.2 | 80.3 | 1.2 | |
| Rijeka, Croatia | 11.6 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 25.9 | 25.5 | 81.3 | 1.2 | |
| Iasi, Romania | 11.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 22.2 | 22.3 | 95.5 | 1.0 | |
| Frankfurt, Germany | 11.5 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 35.2 | 35.8 | 68.2 | 1.5 | |
| Lviv, Ukraine | 11.5 | 5.5 | 6.9 | 18.2 | 14.5 | 187.4 | 0.5 | |
| Barcelona, Spain | 11.4 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 25.8 | 21.5 | 68.3 | 1.5 | |
| Kiev (Kyiv), Ukraine | 11.4 | 5.8 | 7.2 | 17.1 | 13.8 | 174.8 | 0.6 | |
| Saint Helier, Jersey | 11.3 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 21.8 | 23.7 | 74.8 | 1.3 | |
| Thessaloniki, Greece | 11.2 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 22.9 | 22.3 | 81.4 | 1.2 | |
| Palma de Mallorca, Spain | 11.0 | 4.4 | 5.3 | 22.7 | 19.0 | 74.2 | 1.3 | |
| Oslo, Norway | 11.0 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 32.1 | 26.3 | 68.7 | 1.5 | |
| Pristina, Kosovo (Disputed Territory) | 11.0 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 21.2 | 19.4 | 82.4 | 1.2 | |
| Haarlem, Netherlands | 11.0 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 19.6 | 21.8 | 66.2 | 1.5 | |
| Madrid, Spain | 10.9 | 4.1 | 4.8 | 24.5 | 20.9 | 66.0 | 1.5 | |
| Constanta, Romania | 10.9 | 5.0 | 4.4 | 20.1 | 23.0 | 96.4 | 1.0 | |
| Bologna, Italy | 10.9 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 25.5 | 21.9 | 65.2 | 1.5 | |
| Debrecen, Hungary | 10.9 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 25.3 | 26.5 | 89.6 | 1.1 | |
| Hamburg, Germany | 10.9 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 35.3 | 30.4 | 64.2 | 1.6 | |
| Dnipro, Ukraine | 10.8 | 7.6 | 7.3 | 13.2 | 13.8 | 200.5 | 0.5 | |
| Lodz, Poland | 10.8 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 23.3 | 22.3 | 76.6 | 1.3 | |
| Malaga, Spain | 10.7 | 4.4 | 5.2 | 22.9 | 19.3 | 68.9 | 1.5 | |
| Poznan, Poland | 10.7 | 4.1 | 4.8 | 24.1 | 20.8 | 75.8 | 1.3 | |
| Kharkiv, Ukraine | 10.5 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 13.1 | 13.2 | 170.7 | 0.6 | |
| Brasov, Romania | 10.5 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 18.4 | 19.1 | 95.7 | 1.0 | |
| Chisinau, Moldova | 10.5 | 6.6 | 7.3 | 15.2 | 13.6 | 112.8 | 0.9 | |
| Stuttgart, Germany | 10.5 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 35.4 | 31.0 | 63.9 | 1.6 | |
| Rostov-on-Don (Rostov-na-donu), Russia | 10.3 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 17.7 | 19.3 | 110.5 | 0.9 | |
| Bucharest, Romania | 10.1 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 21.1 | 18.8 | 83.8 | 1.2 | |
| Naples, Italy | 10.1 | 4.1 | 5.2 | 24.6 | 19.3 | 60.4 | 1.7 | |
| Timisoara, Romania | 10.1 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 23.4 | 22.9 | 80.0 | 1.2 | |
| Cologne, Germany | 10.1 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 30.2 | 29.0 | 63.1 | 1.6 | |
| Amsterdam, Netherlands | 10.1 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 24.0 | 21.6 | 60.0 | 1.7 | |
| Sibiu, Romania | 10.0 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 23.4 | 23.0 | 89.8 | 1.1 | |
| Coimbra, Portugal | 9.8 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 22.7 | 19.6 | 61.3 | 1.6 | |
| Tallinn, Estonia | 9.7 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 24.8 | 24.0 | 61.4 | 1.6 | |
| Trento, Italy | 9.6 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 26.6 | 30.0 | 57.4 | 1.7 | |
| Yekaterinburg, Russia | 9.5 | 4.2 | 4.7 | 24.0 | 21.4 | 110.6 | 0.9 | |
| Dusseldorf, Germany | 9.5 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 32.5 | 34.3 | 54.6 | 1.8 | |
| Berlin, Germany | 9.4 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 29.0 | 26.6 | 56.0 | 1.8 | |
| Geneva, Switzerland | 9.4 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 29.5 | 28.3 | 53.0 | 1.9 | |
| Craiova, Romania | 9.4 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 25.7 | 25.1 | 82.9 | 1.2 | |
| Bristol, United Kingdom | 9.3 | 4.2 | 5.1 | 23.6 | 19.6 | 63.4 | 1.6 | |
| Treviso, Italy | 9.3 | 3.5 | 5.7 | 28.5 | 17.6 | 56.0 | 1.8 | |
| Copenhagen, Denmark | 9.2 | 4.2 | 4.7 | 23.8 | 21.4 | 52.2 | 1.9 | |
| Lyon, France | 9.1 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 27.9 | 25.6 | 53.2 | 1.9 | |
| Szeged, Hungary | 9.1 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 22.8 | 21.2 | 68.0 | 1.5 | |
| Gothenburg, Sweden | 9.0 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 31.6 | 28.2 | 56.7 | 1.8 | |
| Oradea, Romania | 9.0 | 4.4 | 3.6 | 22.8 | 27.6 | 78.3 | 1.3 | |
| Sofia, Bulgaria | 9.0 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 20.7 | 18.3 | 61.0 | 1.6 | |
| Katowice, Poland | 9.0 | 4.1 | 5.1 | 24.1 | 19.5 | 60.4 | 1.7 | |
| Hanover, Germany | 9.0 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 31.6 | 31.4 | 53.8 | 1.9 | |
| Graz, Austria | 8.9 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 31.8 | 30.3 | 53.2 | 1.9 | |
| Cambridge, United Kingdom | 8.9 | 4.1 | 6.2 | 24.4 | 16.1 | 63.1 | 1.6 | |
| Linz, Austria | 8.9 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 26.3 | 27.7 | 55.1 | 1.8 | |
| Verona, Italy | 8.8 | 3.8 | 5.3 | 26.4 | 18.9 | 52.9 | 1.9 | |
| Kaunas, Lithuania | 8.8 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 26.6 | 23.2 | 55.6 | 1.8 | |
| Seville (Sevilla), Spain | 8.8 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 23.3 | 20.7 | 56.7 | 1.8 | |
| Patras, Greece | 8.8 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 22.8 | 22.5 | 67.4 | 1.5 | |
| Riga, Latvia | 8.8 | 4.4 | 5.5 | 23.0 | 18.3 | 55.8 | 1.8 | |
| Bergamo, Italy | 8.8 | 3.8 | 5.1 | 26.1 | 19.7 | 52.0 | 1.9 | |
| Glasgow, United Kingdom | 8.7 | 2.7 | 5.8 | 36.6 | 17.2 | 60.3 | 1.7 | |
| Utrecht, Netherlands | 8.7 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 18.4 | 18.9 | 54.2 | 1.8 | |
| Varna, Bulgaria | 8.6 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 24.4 | 21.4 | 59.2 | 1.7 | |
| Trondheim, Norway | 8.6 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 26.6 | 27.6 | 55.4 | 1.8 | |
| Edinburgh, United Kingdom | 8.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 22.3 | 22.0 | 54.9 | 1.8 | |
| Tromso, Norway | 8.4 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 27.2 | 29.0 | 53.7 | 1.9 | |
| Basel, Switzerland | 8.4 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 35.8 | 33.3 | 49.2 | 2.0 | |
| Uppsala, Sweden | 8.4 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 26.6 | 24.9 | 53.5 | 1.9 | |
| Burgas, Bulgaria | 8.3 | 4.8 | 5.9 | 20.7 | 16.9 | 56.2 | 1.8 | |
| Genoa, Italy | 8.2 | 4.3 | 6.1 | 23.2 | 16.3 | 50.7 | 2.0 | |
| Heidelberg, Germany | 8.1 | 3.3 | 4.1 | 30.0 | 24.5 | 46.5 | 2.1 | |
| Dublin, Ireland | 8.1 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 16.6 | 12.5 | 54.8 | 1.8 | |
| Catania, Italy | 8.1 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 20.1 | 17.8 | 48.4 | 2.1 | |
| Mannheim, Germany | 8.0 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 31.3 | 31.0 | 48.9 | 2.0 | |
| Zurich, Switzerland | 7.9 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 30.8 | 29.3 | 44.7 | 2.2 | |
| Nantes, France | 7.9 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 36.1 | 31.7 | 45.8 | 2.2 | |
| Tartu, Estonia | 7.9 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 23.1 | 21.4 | 50.4 | 2.0 | |
| Bari, Italy | 7.8 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 23.8 | 20.6 | 47.1 | 2.1 | |
| Parma, Italy | 7.8 | 4.4 | 5.3 | 22.8 | 18.7 | 47.1 | 2.1 | |
| Tampere, Finland | 7.8 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 28.3 | 24.8 | 44.1 | 2.3 | |
| Birmingham, United Kingdom | 7.8 | 4.7 | 5.9 | 21.2 | 16.9 | 51.5 | 1.9 | |
| Espoo, Finland | 7.7 | 4.0 | 5.2 | 24.8 | 19.3 | 43.0 | 2.3 | |
| Braga, Portugal | 7.7 | 7.8 | 8.9 | 12.8 | 11.3 | 45.5 | 2.2 | |
| Reykjavik, Iceland | 7.7 | 5.3 | 6.5 | 19.0 | 15.5 | 57.2 | 1.7 | |
| Osijek, Croatia | 7.6 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 22.5 | 25.7 | 54.4 | 1.8 | |
| Toulouse, France | 7.6 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 30.2 | 27.1 | 42.7 | 2.3 | |
| Karlsruhe, Germany | 7.6 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 27.4 | 26.6 | 43.6 | 2.3 | |
| Valencia, Spain | 7.5 | 5.2 | 6.9 | 19.3 | 14.5 | 45.4 | 2.2 | |
| Ostrava, Czech Republic | 7.5 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 22.5 | 21.1 | 48.1 | 2.1 | |
| Nuremberg, Germany | 7.4 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 32.0 | 30.2 | 43.3 | 2.3 | |
| Manchester, United Kingdom | 7.4 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 20.0 | 21.7 | 47.8 | 2.1 | |
| Turin, Italy | 7.3 | 4.5 | 5.6 | 22.1 | 17.8 | 42.3 | 2.4 | |
| Cagliari, Italy | 7.3 | 4.6 | 6.3 | 21.6 | 15.8 | 45.3 | 2.2 | |
| Plovdiv, Bulgaria | 7.2 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 17.1 | 16.3 | 51.2 | 2.0 | |
| The Hague (Den Haag), Netherlands | 7.2 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 17.5 | 18.1 | 42.5 | 2.4 | |
| Bergen, Norway | 7.1 | 3.8 | 4.7 | 26.4 | 21.4 | 45.0 | 2.2 | |
| Delft, Netherlands | 7.1 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 22.4 | 20.3 | 45.1 | 2.2 | |
| Stavanger, Norway | 7.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 24.2 | 24.3 | 47.1 | 2.1 | |
| Malmo, Sweden | 7.0 | 4.0 | 5.1 | 25.1 | 19.5 | 43.2 | 2.3 | |
| Galway, Ireland | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 14.4 | 14.8 | 48.6 | 2.1 | |
| Gent, Belgium | 7.0 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 19.1 | 19.0 | 42.1 | 2.4 | |
| Trieste, Italy | 7.0 | 4.1 | 5.2 | 24.6 | 19.2 | 42.1 | 2.4 | |
| Maribor, Slovenia | 7.0 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 22.5 | 21.3 | 45.7 | 2.2 | |
| Brussels, Belgium | 6.9 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 19.3 | 19.9 | 40.1 | 2.5 | |
| Arad, Romania | 6.9 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 23.0 | 23.9 | 54.9 | 1.8 | |
| Bern, Switzerland | 6.8 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 25.6 | 29.9 | 39.4 | 2.5 | |
| Brescia, Italy | 6.8 | 4.2 | 4.7 | 23.6 | 21.3 | 40.1 | 2.5 | |
| Aachen, Germany | 6.7 | 2.6 | 4.1 | 38.0 | 24.5 | 38.1 | 2.6 | |
| Grenoble, France | 6.6 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 24.3 | 24.1 | 37.6 | 2.7 | |
| Palermo, Italy | 6.6 | 4.8 | 5.8 | 20.7 | 17.1 | 39.7 | 2.5 | |
| Aarhus, Denmark | 6.5 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 22.2 | 21.3 | 38.7 | 2.6 | |
| Groningen, Netherlands | 6.5 | 5.8 | 4.7 | 17.3 | 21.3 | 39.8 | 2.5 | |
| Eindhoven, Netherlands | 6.5 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 17.1 | 16.1 | 39.7 | 2.5 | |
| Rotterdam, Netherlands | 6.5 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 16.5 | 16.4 | 38.6 | 2.6 | |
| Aalborg, Denmark | 6.3 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 30.3 | 28.5 | 38.6 | 2.6 | |
| Padova, Italy | 6.3 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 17.6 | 16.5 | 37.8 | 2.6 | |
| Nijmegen, Netherlands | 6.2 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 18.2 | 18.6 | 38.8 | 2.6 | |
| Turku, Finland | 5.6 | 3.5 | 5.8 | 28.4 | 17.2 | 32.1 | 3.1 | |
| Cork, Ireland | 5.5 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 13.2 | 12.2 | 36.7 | 2.7 | |
| Antwerp, Belgium | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 18.8 | 18.3 | 32.3 | 3.1 | |
| Best, Netherlands | 4.9 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 14.9 | 15.5 | 29.0 | 3.4 | |
| Limerick, Ireland | 3.3 | 11.1 | 11.6 | 9.0 | 8.6 | 22.6 | 4.4 |